Ordinatio

John Duns Scotus

Ordinatio

John Duns Scotus (1266–1308)

John Duns Scotus's Ordinatio (also called the Opus Oxoniense) is his revised, authorially prepared commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences. Scotus began arranging it for publication around 1300 after lecturing at Oxford and continued revising material associated with Paris until his death in 1308; the work therefore remains unfinished and textually layered. Its disputations on God, creation, individuation, freedom, grace, and the Incarnation helped establish Scotism as a major alternative within late-medieval scholastic theology. Schola uses the Vatican critical-edition tradition for the Latin and a separately sourced English translation.

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Prologus I: Prologus Totius Operis

Pars I: Pars 1 - On the Necessity of Revealed Doctrine

Quaestio I: Single Question: On the Necessity of Revealed Doctrine - Whether it be necessary for man in this present state for some doctrine to be supernaturally inspired

Articulus I: 1. Controversy between Philosophers and Theologians

Section I: A. Opinion of the Philosophers

Section II: B. Rejection of the Opinion of the Philosophers

Articulus II: II. Solution of the Question

Articulus III: III. About the Three Principal Reasons against the Philosophers

Articulus IV: IV. To the Arguments of the Philosophers

Articulus V: V. To the Principal Arguments

Pars II: Pars 2 - On the Sufficiency of Revealed Doctrine

Quaestio I: Single Question: On the Sufficiency of Revealed Doctrine Whether the supernatural knowledge necessary for the wayfarer is sufficiently handed on in Sacred Scripture.

Articulus I: I. On the Truth of Sacred Scripture

Articulus II: II. Principal Response to the Question

Articulus III: III. To the Principal Arguments

Pars III: Pars 3 - On the Object of Theology

Quaestio I: Question 1: Whether theology is about God as about its first object.

Quaestio II: Question 2: Whether Theology is about God under some Special Idea

Quaestio III: Question 3: Whether Theology is about All Things from the Attribution of them to its First Subject

Articulus I: I. Preliminary Remarks

Articulus II: II. About Necessary Theology

Section I: A. To the First Question, speaking of Theology in itself

Section II: B. To the Second Question, speaking of Theology in itself

Section III: C. To the First Question, speaking of Our Theology

Articulus III: III. On Contingent Theology

Articulus IV: IV. On Christ as First Object

Articulus V: V. To the Principal Arguments of the First Question

Articulus VI: VI. To the principal Arguments of the Second Question

Articulus VII: VI. To the Third Question

Section I: A. Opinion of Others

Section II: B. Scotus’ own Response

Articulus VIII: VII. To the principal Arguments of the Third Question

Pars IV: Pars 4 - On Theology as a Science

Quaestio I: Questions 1 and 2 - Whether theology in itself is a science, and whether it is subalterning or subalternate

Articulus I: I. To the First Question

Articulus II: II. To the Second Question

Pars V: Pars 5 - On Theology insofar as it is a Practical Science

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether theology is a practical or a speculative science

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether a science is called practical per se from order to action as to its end

Articulus I: I. What Action [Praxis] is

Articulus II: II. How Practical Knowledge is Extended to Action

Articulus III: III. From what Source Knowledge has Extension to Action

Articulus IV: IV. To the Second Question

Articulus V: V. To the First Question

Section I: A. The Opinion of Others

Section II: B. Scotus’ own Opinion

Articulus VI: VI. To the Principal Arguments of the First Question.

Articulus VII: VII. To the Principal Arguments of the Second Question

Book 1

Distinctio I: First Distinction

Pars I: First Part - On the Object of Enjoyment

Quaestio I: Question 1: Whether the object of enjoyment per se is the ultimate end

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Tractatus I: II. To the Principal Arguments

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether the ultimate end has only the one idea of enjoyability

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Section I: A. On the Enjoyment of the Wayfarer as to its Possibility

Section II: B. On the Enjoyment of the Comprehender when Speaking of the Absolute Power of God

Section III: C. On the Enjoyment of the Comprehender when Speaking of the Power of the Creature

Section IV: D. On the Enjoyment of the Comprehender and of the Wayfarer when Speaking of the Fact

Articulus II: II. To the Arguments

Section I: A. To the Principal Arguments

Section II: B. To the Reasons for the Opposite

Pars II: Second Part - On Enjoying in Itself

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether enjoying is an act elicited by the will or a passion received in the will

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Articulus II: II. To the Principal Arguments

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether when the end has been apprehended by the intellect the will must necessarily enjoy it

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Section I: A. The Opinion of Others

Section II: B. Attack on the Opinion of Others

Section III: C. Scotus’ Own Opinion

Section IV: D. To the Arguments for the Opinion of Others

Articulus II: II. To the Principal Arguments

Pars III: On the Enjoyer

Quaestio I: Whether Enjoying Belongs to God

Quaestio II: Whether the Wayfarer Enjoys

Quaestio III: Whether the Sinner Enjoys

Quaestio IV: Whether the Brutes Enjoy

Quaestio V: Whether All Things Enjoy

Articulus I: I. To the Questions Together

Articulus II: II. To the Principal Arguments

Distinctio II: Second Distinction

Pars I: First Part - On the Existence of God and his Unity

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether among beings there is something existing actually infinite

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether something infinite is known self-evidently

Articulus I: I. To the Second Question

Articulus II: II. To the Principal Arguments of the Second Question

Articulus III: III. To the First Question

Section I: A. The Existence of the Relative Properties of an Infinite Being is Made Clear

Section II: B. The Existence of an Infinite Being is Made Clear

Subsection I: 1. Conclusions preliminary to infinity are proposed and demonstrated

Subsection II: 2. The infinity of God is proved directly

Articulus IV: IV. To the Principal Arguments of the First Question

Quaestio III: Question 3 - Whether there is only one God

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Tractatus I: II. To the Arguments

Section I: A. To the Arguments for the Other Opinion

Section II: B. To the Principal Arguments

Pars II: Second Part - On the Persons and Productions in God

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether there can be along with the unity of the divine essence a plurality of persons

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether there are only three persons in the divine essence

Quaestio III: Question 3 - Whether being Produced can Stand in Something along with the Divine Essence

Quaestio IV: Question 4 - Whether in the Divine Essence there are only Two Intrinsic Productions

Articulus I: I. To the Third Question

Section I: A. Scotus’ own Proofs

Section II: B. Proofs of Others

Articulus II: II. To the Principal Arguments of the Third Question

Articulus III: III. To the Fourth Question

Section I: A. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent is Expounded

Section II: B. The Opinion of Henry of Ghent is Rejected

Section III: C. Scotus’ Own Opinion

Section IV: D. Instances against the Solution

Articulus IV: IV. To the Principal Arguments of the Fourth Question

Articulus V: V. To the Second Question

Tractatus I: A. About the Produced Persons in Divine Reality

Section I: B. About the Sole Non-produced Person in Divine Reality

Articulus VI: VI. To the Principal Arguments of the Second Question

Articulus VII: VII. To the First Question

Section I: A. Declaration of Scotus’ Own Solution

Section II: B. On Formal Distinction or Non-Identity

  1. Sed adhuc restat ulterior difficultas. Non enim videtur intelligibile quod essentia non plurificetur et supposita sint plura nisi aliqua distinctio ponatur inter rationem essentiae et rationem suppositi. Et ideo ad salvandum istam compossibilitatem praedictam, oportet videre de ista distinctione.

  2. Et dico sine assertione et praeiudicio melioris sententiae quod ratio qua formaliter suppositum est incommunicabile (sit a) et ratio essentiae ut essentia (sit b) habent aliquam distinctionem praecedentem omnem actum intellectus creati et increati.

  3. Hoc probo sic: primum suppositum formaliter vel realiter habet entitatem communicabilem, alioquin non posset eam communicare; habet etiam realiter entitatem incommunicabilem, alioquin non posset esse positive in entitate reali suppositum. Et intelligo sic 'realiter', quod nullo modo per actum intellectus considerantis, immo quod talis entitas esset ibi si nullus intellectus esset considerans; et sic esse ibi, si nullus intellectus consideraret, dico 'esse ante omnem actum intellectus'. - Non est autem aliqua entitas ante omnem actum intellectus ita quod non per actum intellectus, communicabilis, et alia entitas de se sit incommunicabilis, ita scilicet quod sibi contradicat communicari, nisi ante actum intellectus, hoc est, non praecise per intelligere, sit aliqua distinctio inter hanc entitatem et illam; ergo etc.

  4. Si dicas quod ante omnem actum intellectus Patris non est ibi aliqua distinctio, sed est entitas omnino unius rationis, et ita nullam entitatem positivam in se habet Pater quam non communicat Filio: ergo communicat ei paternitatem sicut essentiam!

  5. Secundo arguitur sic: distinctio una in intellectu est penes diversum modum accipiendi idem obiectum formale, et hoc sive concipiendo grammatice, ut 'homo', 'hominis', sive logice, ut 'homo' et 'hic homo'; alia distinctio, maior, est in intellectu, concipiendo duobus actibus duo obiecta formalia, et hoc sive illis correspondeant diversae res, ut intelligendo hominem et asinum, sive una res extra, ut intelligendo colorem et disgregativum.

  6. Ex hoc arguo: Pater intelligens se in illo signo primo originis aut intelligit essentiam et a proprietatem ut diversa obiecta formalia, aut praecise ut idem obiectum sub alio et alio modo concipiendi. Secundo modo non, quia tunc non esset maior differentia quam concipiendo Deum et deitatem, et ita non conciperet a proprietatem magis incommunicabilem quam deitatem incommunicabilem, nam homo non est incommunicabilis si humanitas est communicabilis, nec e converso; ita in proposito. Et tunc etiam, non magis esset intellectus Patris in essentia divina beatus quam in a quae dicitur proprietas Patris, nec magis in a quam in proprietate Filii, et ita in duobus obiectis ut in proprietate Patris et Filii primo esset beatus.

  7. Et si detur primus modus, quod intellectus paternus habeat essentiam et a tamquam duo obiecta formalia, tunc arguo: intellectus ille nihil intelligit nisi intuitive, quia - ut patebit distinctione 3 quaestione 3 - omnis intellectio abstractiva et non intuitiva est aliquo modo imperfecta. Cognitio autem intuitiva est obiecti ut obiectum est praesens in exsistentia actuali, et hoc in se vel in alio continente eminenter totam entitatem ipsius; ergo quae cognoscuntur intuitive ut obiecta formalia distincta, vel unum continetur eminenter in alio, vel utrumque secundum propriam exsistentiam terminat actum ut est eius. Nihil autem intrinsecum personae divinae proprie continetur in aliquo eminenter, quia tunc non esset ens nisi per participationem illius continentis; igitur quaecumque intrinseca sunt diversa obiecta formalia intuitiva, secundum propriam exsistentiam actualem terminant intuitionem ut obiecta, et ita habent aliquam distinctionem ante actum intelligendi.

  8. Si dicas quod essentia facit de se unum conceptum in intellectu Patris sed circa illam potest intellectus paternus facere diversas rationes, et praecise secundo modo distinguuntur essentia et a in intellectu paterno, non autem primo, - contra: quidquid intellectus causat sine actione obiecti circa obiectum praecise virtute propria intellectus, et hoc loquendo de obiecto ut habet esse cognitum in intellectu praecise et de intellectu ut considerans est, illud est praecise relatio rationis. Nunc autem illa ratio quam facit essentia de se patet quod est absoluta, aliter non beatificaret intellectum Patris; praeter istam rationem absolutam nulla est alia in re ante actum intellectus, vel habetur propositum; nulla etiam est alia per te in intellectu Patris nisi per actum intellectus negotiantis et non per impressionem factam ab obiecto, quod non imprimit per te nisi unum conceptum: igitur quaelibet ratio alia a ratione absoluta essentiae esset praecise relatio rationis, et ita proprietas Patris qua est incommunicabilis erit relatio rationis, quod videtur inconveniens.

  9. Secundo oportet videre qualis sit ista differentia quae ponitur praecedere omnem actum intellectus. Dico quod tam in rebus quam in intellectu differentia maior manifesta est, et ex illa concluditur frequenter differentia minor, quae est immanifesta, sicut ex differentia creaturarum concluditur differentia idearum in intellectu divino, sicut patet per Augustinum 83 Quaestionum quaestio 46. In re autem manifesta est distinctio rerum, et hoc duplex, suppositorum scilicet et naturarum; in intellectu manifesta est differentia duplex, modorum scilicet concipiendi et obiectorum formalium.

  10. Ex dictis concluditur differentia hic intenta, quae est immanifesta, nimirum quia minima in suo ordine, id est inter omnes quae praecedunt intellectionem.

  11. Concluditur autem ex differentia reali sic: distinctio divinorum suppositorum est realis; ergo cum non possit idem eodem formaliter, quod est aliquid sui, convenire realiter tantum, sic quod non ex illo distingui, et differre realiter tantum, sic quod non illo convenire (quia si est omnino idem re, quare hoc est tantum principium identitatis et non distinctionis et idem tantum principium distinctionis et non identitatis?), concluditur aliqua differentia vel distinctio essentiae in qua supposita conveniunt ab illis rationibus quibus supposita distinguuntur.

  12. Similiter secunda via: ex differentia obiectorum formalium quorum neutrum continetur in aliquo eminenter, et hoc in intellectu intuitive considerante, concluditur aliqua differentia ante actum intellectus eorum quae cognoscuntur intuitive.

  13. Sed numquid haec distinctio dicetur realis? Respondeo: non est realis actualis, intelligendo sicut communiter dicitur, 'differentia realis actualis' illa quae est differentia rerum et in actu, quia in una persona non est aliqua differentia rerum, propter simplicitatem divinam; et sicut non est realis actualis, ita non est realis potentialis, quia nihil est ibi in potentia quod non est in actu.

  14. Potest autem vocari 'differentia rationis ', sicut dixit doctor quidam; - non quod 'ratio' accipiatur pro differentia formata ab intellectu, sed ut 'ratio' accipitur pro quiditate rei secundum quod quiditas est obiectum intellectus.

  15. Vel, alio modo, potest vocari 'differentia virtualis', quia illud quod habet talem distinctionem in se non habet rem et rem, sed est una res, habens virtualiter sive praeeminenter quasi duas realitates, quia utrique realitati ut est in illa una re competit illud quod est proprium principium tali realitati, ac si ipsa esset res distincta: ita enim haec realitas distinguit et illa non distinguit, sicut si illa esset una res et ista alia.

  16. Vel, ut propriissime, dicatur: sicut possumus invenire in unitate multos gradus - primo, minima est aggregationis; in secundo gradu est unitas ordinis, quae aliquid addit supra aggregationem; in tertio est unitas per accidens, ubi ultra ordinem est informatio, licet accidentalis, unius ab altero eorum quae sunt sic unum; in quarto est per se unitas compositi ex principiis essentialibus per se actu et per se potentia; in quinto est unitas simplicitatis, quae est vere identitas (quidquid enim est ibi, est realiter idem cuilibet, et non tantum est unum illi unitate unionis, sicut in aliis modis) ita, adhuc ultra, non omnis identitas est formalis. Voco autem identitatem formalem, ubi illud quod dicitur sic idem, includit illud cui sic est idem, in ratione sua formali quiditativa et per se primo modo. In proposito autem essentia non includit in ratione sua formali quiditativa proprietatem suppositi, nec e converso. Et ideo potest concedi quod ante omnem actum intellectus est realitas essentiae qua est communicabilis, et realitas suppositi qua suppositum est incommunicabile; et ante actum intellectus haec realitas formaliter non est illa, vel, non est formaliter eadem illi sicut prius expositum est quid est 'formaliter'.

  17. Numquid igitur debet concedi aliqua 'distinctio'? Melius est uti ista negativa 'hoc non est formaliter idem', quam, hoc est sic et sic 'distinctum'.

  18. Sed nonne sequitur, a et b non sunt idem formaliter, ergo sunt formaliter distincta? Respondeo quod non oportet sequi, quia formalitas in antecedente negatur, et in consequente affirmatur.

  19. Breviter ergo dico quod in essentia divina ante actum intellectus est entitas a et entitas b, et haec formaliter non est illa, ita quod intellectus paternus considerans a et considerans b habet ex natura rei unde ista compositio sit vera 'a non est formaliter b', non autem praecise ex aliquo actu intellectus circa a et b.

  20. Ista differentia manifestatur per exemplum: si ponatur albedo species simplex non habens in se duas naturas, est tamen in albedine aliquid realiter unde habet rationem coloris, et aliquid unde habet rationem differentiae; et haec realitas non est formaliter illa realitas, nec e converso formaliter, immo una est extra realitatem alterius - formaliter loquendo - sicut si essent duae res, licet modo per identitatem istae duae realitates sint una res.

  21. Hoc autem exemplum licet aliqualiter sit simile ad propositum (quoad hoc scilicet quod identitas realis non necessario concludit identitatem formalem cuiuslibet quod est in sic eodem ad quodcumque quod est in ipso), non tamen est omnino simile, quia aliqua compositio est in albedine, licet non rei et rei, tamen qualis non concederetur in Deo, propter non identitatem formalem. Ubi autem non identitas formalis aliquorum in eodem requirat aliquam compositionem et ubi non, dicetur distinctione 8 quaestione de attributis, et in illa quaestione 'An Deus sit in genere'.

  22. Ista distinctio sive non identitas formalis, quae probata est prius per duas vel tres rationes, etiam potest probari per duas vel tres auctoritates Augustini: VII De Trinitate cap. 2 vel 3 'de magnis', vel 6 'de parvis': ((Omnis essentia quae relative dicitur est aliquid aliud excepto relativo)); et 3 cap. in principio: ((si Pater non est aliquid ad se ipsum, non est omnino qui relative dicatur)). Est ergo in re essentia ad se et non ad aliquid, et in re Pater in quantum Pater, relative dicitur, vel est ad aliud vel ad alium; non est autem formaliter eadem entitas ad se et non ad se; ergo etc.

  23. Item in eodem VII cap. 4 vel 12: ((Non eo Verbum quo sapientia, quia Verbum non ad se dicitur sed tantum relative, ad eum cuius Verbum est, sicut Filius ad Patrem; sapientia vero eo quo essentia)). Et ex hoc concludit cap. 14: ((Quapropter non quia Pater non est Filius)), ((ideo non una essentia, quia his nominibus eorum relativa ostenduntur; uterque autern simul una sapientia, una essentia)). Est ergo, secundum ipsum, talis non identitas relationis ad absolutum in divinis, quod si unum est 'quo' respectu alicuius, alterum non erit 'quo' respectu eiusdem; esse autem 'quo' convenit alicui secundum rationem eius formalem; ergo unum illorum non est de ratione formali alterius sed extra eam, et per consequens non est formaliter idem alteri sicut supra exposita est ratio eius quod est 'non esse idem'. Et tamen ex hoc non sequitur simpliciter diversitas vel non identitas realis substantiae et relationis. Non enim illud quo Pater est Pater est aliud ab essentia, sed idem, secundum ipsum Augustinuma XI De civitate cap. 10 et cap. 11: ((Simplex dicitur Deus, quia est hoc quod habet, excepto quod relative quaecumque persona ad alteram dicitur)); nec est ipsa asicut Pater habet Filium et non est Filius)), sed ((quidquid habet Pater in se, ad quod)) per consequens ((non dicitur relative, illud est ipse)) vera identitate, licet non formali.

Articulus VIII: VIII. To the Principal Arguments of the First Question

Distinctio III: Third Distinction

Pars I: First Part - About the Knowability of God

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether God is Naturally Knowable by the Intellect of the Wayfarer

Tractatus I: Question 2 - Whether God is the First Thing Naturally Known by Us in this State of Life

Articulus I: I. Clarification of the First Question

Articulus II: II. Opinion of Others as to Each Question

Articulus III: III. Scotus’ own Response to the First Question

Section I: A. A Quidditative Concept can be Had of God

Section II: B. About a Concept Univocal to God and Creatures

Section III: C. God Cannot be Known under his Proper Idea

Section IV: D. About the Concept of Infinite Being

Section V: E. God is Known through the Species of Creatures

Articulus IV: IV. To the Arguments of the First Question

Articulus V: V. Scotus’ own Response to the Second Question

Section I: A. About the Order of Origin of Intelligibles

Section II: B. About the Order of Perfection and Adequacy in Intelligibles

Articulus VI: VI. To the Arguments for the Second Question

Quaestio II: Question 3 - Whether God is the Natural First Object that is Adequate Relative to the Intellect of the Wayfarer

Quaestio III: Question 4 - Whether any Certain and Sincere Truth could Naturally be Known by the Intellect of the Wayfarer without a Special Illumining of Uncreated Light

Articulus I: I. Opinion of Henry

Articulus II: II. Attack on Henry’s Opinion and Solution of the Question

Section I: A. Against the Fundamental Reasons Adduced

Section II: B. Against the Opinion in Itself

Section III: C. Against the Fundamental Reasons insofar as they are Less Probative

Section IV: D. Against the Conclusion itself of the Opinion

Section V: E. Solution of the Question

Section VI: F. Once More Against the Fundamental Reasons Adduced

Articulus I: I. Opinion of Others

Section I: A. First Opinion

Section II: B. Second Opinion

Articulus II: II. To the Question

Section I: A. Of What Sort the Univocity of Being is and to What Things it Extends.

Section II: B. About the First Object of the Intellect

Section III: C. Arguments against the Univocity of Being and their Solution

Articulus III: III. About Other Transcendentals

Articulus IV: IV. Doubt about the First Object of the Intellect for this Present State

Articulus V: V. To the Initial Arguments

Pars II: Second Part - About the Vestige/Footprint

Quaestio I: Single Question - Whether in Every Creature there is a Vestige of the Trinity

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Section I: A. On the Idea of Footprint/Vestige

Subsection I: 1. Opinion of Others

Subsection II: 2. Against this Opinion

Subsection III: 3. Scotus’ own Opinion

Section II: B. About Ratification and Somesort-ness

Subsection I: 1. Opinion of Others

Subsection II: 2. Rejection of the Opinion

Sub-subsection I: a. A First Rejection of the Opinion

Sub-subsection II: b. Another Rejection of the Opinion

Subsection III: 3. Scotus’ own Opinion

Subsection IV: 4. To the Reasons for the Rejected Opinion

Section III: -

Articulus II: II. To the Initial Arguments

Pars III: Third Part - About the Image

Quaestio I: Question 1 - Whether in the Intellective Part Properly Taken there is a Memory that has an Intelligible Species Naturally Prior to the Act of Understanding

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Section I: A. The Opinion of Others

Section II: B. Scotus’ Response and his own Opinion

Subsection I: 1. Reasons on the Part of the Universality of the Object

Subsection II: 2. Reasons on the Part of the Presence of the Object

Subsection III: 3. Scotus’ Concluding Opinion

Subsection IV: 4. To the Reasons from the Authorities

Section III: -

Articulus II: II. To the Initial Arguments

Articulus III: III. To the Arguments for the Opinion of Others

Quaestio II: Question 2 - Whether the Intellective Part Properly Taken or Something of it is the Total Cause Generating Actual Knowledge or is the Idea of Generating

Articulus I: I. Six Opinions of Others are Expounded and Rejected

Section I: A. About the First Opinion

Subsection I: 1. Exposition of the Opinion

Section I: 2. Rejection of the Opinion

Section II: B. About the Second Opinion

Subsection I: 1. Exposition of the opinion

Subsection II: 2. Rejection of the Opinion

Section III: C. About the Third and Fourth Opinion

Subsection I: 1. Exposition of the Opinions

Subsection II: 2. Rejection of the Opinions

Section IV: D. About the Fifth and Sixth Opinion

Subsection I: 1. Exposition of the Opinions

Subsection II: 2. Rejection of the Opinions

Subsection III: 3. Rejection of the Sixth Opinion Specifically

Articulus II: II. Scotus’ own Opinion

Articulus III: III. To the Arguments for the Opinions

Section I: A. To the Arguments for the First Opinion

Section II: B. To the Arguments for the Second Opinion

Section III: C. To the Things Said in the Third and Fourth Opinion

Section IV: D. To the Arguments of the Fifth Opinion

Articulus IV: IV. To the Initial Arguments

Quaestio III: Question 3 - Whether the More Principal Cause of Generated Knowledge is the Object Present in Itself or in the Species, or the Very Intellective Part of the Intellect

Articulus I: I. Solution of the Question

Articulus II: II. To the Initial Arguments

Quaestio IV: Question 4 - Whether there is Distinctly in the Mind an Image of the Trinity

Articulus I: I. To the Question

Section I: A. About the Image of the Trinity in Us

Section II: B. Two Doubts

Subsection I: 1. To the First Doubt

Subsection II: 2. To the Second Doubt

Subsection III: 3. Corollary

Articulus II: II. To the Initial Arguments

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