On the Divine Names

Dionysius the Areopagite

On the Divine Names

Dionysius the Areopagite

Περὶ θείων ὀνομάτων

On the Divine Names (De divinis nominibus) is the chief theological treatise of the Christian Neoplatonist writing under the name Dionysius the Areopagite, probably in the late fifth or early sixth century. Addressed to Timothy, it unfolds the names predicated of God — Good, Light, Beauty, Love, Being, Life, Wisdom, Power, Justice, and the rest — through thirteen chapters, grounding each name in Scripture and in the tradition of Hierotheus. Its account of divine procession, participation, and the beautiful-and-good became foundational for Byzantine and medieval Latin theology, and it is among the authorities Aquinas cites most. Schola presents the Greek text with the Latin translation of Balthasar Corderius and the English translation of John Parker (1897).


CAPUT I. Quis libri finis, et quae e divinis nominibus prodita tandem esse, et ex rebus sensibilibus non posse cognosci

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CAPUT II. unio et distinctio.

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CAPUT III. Quae sit vis orationis, et de beato Hierotheo, de religione et conscriptione theologica.

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CAPUT IV. De bono, luce, pulchro, amore, exstasi, zelo; et quod malum neque ens sit, neque ex entibus, neque in entibus.

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Ἀλλ' οὔτε οἱ δαίμονες φύσει κακοί· καὶ γὰρ εἰ φύσει κακοί, οὔτε ἐκ τἀγαθοῦ, οὔτε ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν, οὔτε μὴν ἐξ ἀγαθῶν μετέβαλον, φύσει καὶ ἀεὶ κακοὶ ὄντες. Ἔπειτα ἑαυτοῖς εἰσι κακοὶ, ἢ ἑτέροις; Εἰ μὲν ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ φθείρουσιν ἑαυτούς· εἰ δὲ ἄλλους, πῶς φθείροντες, ἢ τί φθείροντες; οὐσίαν, ἢ δύναμιν, ἢ ἐνέργειαν; Εἰ μὲν οὐσίαν, πρῶτον μὲν οὐ παρὰ φύσιν· τὰ γὰρ φύσει ἄφθαρτα οὐ φθείρουσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ δεκτικὰ φθορᾶς. Ἔπειτα οὐδὲ τοῦτο παντὶ καὶ πάντῃ κακὸν· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ φθείρεταί τι τῶν ὄντων, καθ' ὃ οὐσία καὶ φύσις, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἐλλείψει τῆς κατὰ φύσιν τάξεως, ὁ τῆς ἁρμονίας καὶ τῆς συμμετρίας λόγος ἀσθενεῖ μένειν ὡσαύτως ἔχων. Ἡ δὲ ἀσθένεια οὐ παντελής· εἰ γὰρ παντελής, καὶ τὴν φθορὰν, καὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον ἀνεῖλε, καὶ ἔσται ἡ τοιαύτη φθορὰ καὶ ἑαυτῆς φθορά· ὥστε τὸ τοιοῦτον οὐ κακὸν, ἀλλ' ἐλλειπὲς ἀγαθόν· τὸ γὰρ πάντη ἄμοιρον τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, οὔτε ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ἔσται· καὶ περὶ τῆς εἰς δύναμιν καὶ ἐνέργειαν φθορᾶς ὁ αὐτὸς λόγος. Εἶτα, πῶς οἱ ἐκ Θεοῦ γενόμενοι δαίμονές εἰσι κακοί; Τὸ γὰρ ἀγαθὸν ἀγαθὰ παράγει καὶ ὑφίστησι. Καίτοι, λέγονται κακοὶ, φαίη τις ἂν, ἀλλ' οὐ καθ' ὃ εἰσιν, (ἐκ τἀγαθοῦ γὰρ εἰσι, καὶ ἀγαθὴν ἔλαχον οὐσίαν·) ἀλλὰ καθ' ὃ οὐκ εἰσὶ, ἀσθενήσαντες (ὡς τὰ λόγιά φησι) τηρῆσαι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχήν. Ἐν τίνι γάρ, εἰπέ μοι, κακύνεσθαι φαμεν τοὺς δαίμονας, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῇ παύσει τῆς τῶν θείων ἀγαθῶν ἕξεως καὶ ἐνεργείας; ἄλλως τε, εἰ φύσει κακοὶ οἱ δαίμονες, ἀεὶ κακοί· καίτοι τὸ κακὸν ἄστατόν ἐστιν. Οὐκοῦν, εἰ ἀεὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχουσιν, οὐ κακοί· τὸ γὰρ ἀεὶ ταὐτὸν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἴδιον. Εἰ δὲ οὐχ ἀεὶ κακοί, οὐ φύσει κακοί, ἀλλ' ἐνδείᾳ τῶν ἀγγελικῶν ἀγαθῶν. Καὶ οὐ πάντῃ ἄμοιροι τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, καθ' ὃ καὶ εἰσὶ, καὶ ζῶσι, καὶ νοοῦσι, καὶ ὅλως ἔστι τις ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐφέσεως κίνησις· κακοὶ δὲ εἶναι λέγονται διὰ τὸ ἀσθενεῖν περὶ τὴν κατὰ φύσιν ἐνέργειαν. Παρατροπὴ οὖν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κακὸν, καὶ τῶν προσηκόντων αὐτοῖς ἔκβασις, καὶ ἀτευξία, καὶ ἀτέλεια, καὶ ἀδυναμία, καὶ τῆς σῳζούσης τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς τελειότητα δυνάμεως ἀσθένεια καὶ ἀποφυγὴ καὶ ἀπόπτωσις. Ἄλλως τε, τί τὸ ἐν δαίμοσι κακόν; Θυμὸς ἄλογος, ἄνους ἐπιθυμία, φαντασία προπετής. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα, εἰ καὶ ἐν δαίμοσιν εἰσὶν, οὐ πάντῃ, οὐδὲ ἐπὶ πάντων, οὐδὲ αὐτὰ καθ᾽ αὐτὰ κακά. Καὶ γὰρ ἐφ᾽ ἑτέρων ζώων οὐχ ἡ σχέσις τούτων, ἀλλ᾽ ἡ ἀφαίρεσίς ἐστι καὶ φθορὰ τῷ ζώῳ, καὶ κακόν· ἡ δὲ σχέσις σώζει καὶ εἶναι ποιεῖ τὴν ταῦτα ἔχουσαν τοῦ ζώου φύσιν. Οὐκ ἄρα κακὸν τὸ δαιμόνιον φῦλον, ᾗ ἔστι κατὰ φύσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ᾗ οὐκ ἔστι. Καὶ οὐχ ἠλλοιώθη τὸ δοθὲν αὐτοῖς ὅλον ἀγαθὸν, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτοὶ τοῦ δοθέντος ἀποπεπτώκασιν ὅλου ἀγαθοῦ. Καὶ τὰς δοθείσας αὐτοῖς ἀγγελικὰς δωρεὰς, οὐ μήποτε αὐτὰς ἠλλοιῶσθαι φαμεν· ἀλλ᾽ εἰσὶ καὶ ὁλόκληροι, καὶ παμφαεῖς εἰσι, κἂν αὐτοὶ μὴ ὁρῶσιν, ἀπομύσαντες αὐτῶν τὰς ἀγαθοπτικὰς δυνάμεις. Ὅσα δὲ εἰσι, καὶ ἐκ τἀγαθοῦ εἰσι, καὶ ἀγαθοί, καὶ τοῦ καλοῦ καὶ ἀγαθοῦ ἐφίενται, τοῦ εἶναι, καὶ ζῆν, καὶ νοεῖν, τῶν ὄντων ἐφιέμενοι· καὶ τῇ στερήσει, καὶ ἀποφυγῇ, καὶ ἀποπτώσει τῶν προσηκόντων αὐτοῖς ἀγαθῶν, λέγονται κακοί· καὶ εἰσι κακοὶ, καθ᾽ ὃ οὐκ εἰσί· καὶ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος ἐφιέμενοι, τοῦ κακοῦ ἐφίενται.

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CAPUT V. De ente, in quo etiam de exemplaribus.

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CAPUT VI. De vita.

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CAPUT VII. De sapientia, mente, ratione, veritate, fide.

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CAPUT VIII. De potentia, justitia, salute, redemptione; ubi etiam de inaequalitate.

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CAPUT IX. De magno, parvo, eodem, alio, simili, dissimili, statu, motu, aequalitate.

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CAPUT X. De omnitenente, antiquo dierum; in quo etiam de aevo seu aeternitate et tempore.

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CAPUT XI. De pace, quidque sibi velit ipsum per se esse, quae sit per se vita, quae vis ipsa per se, et quae illa coordinat atque conciliat, et quinam sint ejus effectus.

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CAPUT XII. De Sancto sanctorum, Rege regum, Domino dominantium, Deo deorum.

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CAPUT XIII. De perfecto et uno.

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