Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Sectio III. On Speech.
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Disputatio IV. On the Proposition.
Sectio I. I Define the Proposition.
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Sectio II. On the Matter, Quality, and Quantity of the Proposition.
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Sectio III. Categorical, Hypothetical, Complex, and Incomplex Propositions.
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Sectio IV. On the Equipollence of Simple Propositions.
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Sectio V. On the Conversion of the Simple Proposition.
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Sectio VI. On the Opposition of the Simple Proposition.
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Sectio VII. The Preceding Doctrine and the Rules of Opposites Explained.
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Sectio VIII. On the Modal Proposition.
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Sectio IX. Modal Propositions Explained and Described.
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Sectio X. Why Are All Propositions of Each Figure Mutually Equipollent?
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Where note that the two first propositions are affirmative or negative in altogether the same way. But the third is negative as to the mode, when the two former are affirmative as to the same mode: because if in the first possible and contingent are affirmed, in the third impossible must be denied, so that with it denied possibility may be affirmed. But when the first and second deny the mode, the third must affirm it, because if in the first and second possibility is denied, in the third equivalent to them impossibility must be affirmed, so that with it affirmed possibility may be denied. But the fourth proposition has for its dictum the contradictory of the dicta of the preceding ones; for if in the three former the dictum is positive or affirmative, in the fourth it is privative or negative; for example, if in the former it is said Petrum currere, in the fourth it is said Petrum non currere; but if in the former it is said non currere, in the fourth it is said Petrum currere, because the mode necesse demands this, otherwise they will not be equivalent. For example, in illiace it is said Petrum disputare non est possibile, non contingens, est impossibile; if it were said in the fourth Petrum disputare est necesse, it would be so far from equivalence that it would yield the opposite sense; whence it is necessarily said non disputare est necesse. And so in any figure the three first propositions are similar in affirming or denying the dictum; for if it is affirmed in the first, it is affirmed in the second and third, but in the fourth it is denied. Finally consider by which negations or which affirmations the same sense is restored; then you will render equivalent propositions. I see that these things are troublesome, but they cannot be omitted, although I omit what I can.