Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
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§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
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§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
§ 88
Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
§ 104
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
§ 109
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
§ 1
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
§ 11
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
§ 13
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
§ 50
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
§ 1
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Sectio III. On Speech.
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Disputatio IV. On the Proposition.
Sectio I. I Define the Proposition.
§ 1
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Sectio II. On the Matter, Quality, and Quantity of the Proposition.
§ 4
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Sectio III. Categorical, Hypothetical, Complex, and Incomplex Propositions.
§ 7
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Sectio IV. On the Equipollence of Simple Propositions.
§ 13
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Sectio V. On the Conversion of the Simple Proposition.
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Sectio VI. On the Opposition of the Simple Proposition.
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Sectio VII. The Preceding Doctrine and the Rules of Opposites Explained.
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§ 31
=== ENGLISH Hence all the adjuncts must be weighed by which the same is affirmed and denied: namely all the terms of opposed propositions must in both supposit in the same way for the same thing, in the same place, time and other circumstances, otherwise there will be no opposition; for example, these are not opposed, Mater diligit filium, Mater non diligit filium, if in the first it supposits for the son John and in the second for Peter. Likewise neither are these, ego fui in templo, ego non fui in templo, if it is understood either of different temples or of different times. Likewise these are not opposed, ego occidi Petrum, ego non occidi Petrum, if in the first it is understood that Peter was killed at Rome and not killed at Madrid; similarly if in one it is understood that he was killed with a knife and in the other with a sword. Likewise these are not opposed, omne animal fuit in arca Noë, aliquod animal non fuit in arca Noë, because in the first proposition the word animal supposits for some vague individual of the species, which is called pro generibus singulorum, that is, for some individual of each species, as for some horse, and lion, etc.; and in the second it supposits discretely for determinate individuals, which is called pro singulis generum, that is, for each man, each lion, etc., that is, every species of animal was in Noah's ark, and Peter was not in Noah's ark, in which no opposition is discerned, because although Peter was not there, Noah was, and in him the species of man.