Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Sectio III. On Speech.
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Disputatio IV. On the Proposition.
Sectio I. I Define the Proposition.
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Sectio II. On the Matter, Quality, and Quantity of the Proposition.
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Sectio III. Categorical, Hypothetical, Complex, and Incomplex Propositions.
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Other propositions are complex, as Petrus currit, et Ioannes loquitur, because it consists of two complete propositions, among which some are copulative, as is clear in the example adduced, whose truth depends on the truth of both; for if one part is false, the whole proposition is rendered false, because it is universal. Others are disjunctive, as Petrus currit vel loquitur, whose truth depends on the truth of one part; for the truth of both is not required, because it is particular, whose truth is found in one object. For if Peter runs, although he does not speak, the disjunctive proposition will be true: indeed Toledo well observes from the old dialecticians, book 1, chapter 19, that a disjunctive is false if each extreme is true, because the disjunction vel signifies one on the supposition that it is not the other. Although this depends much on the manner in which the object is apprehended, and we wish to explain it. For someone could signify that at least one part is true, without excluding the other, as Christ said, where duo vel tres congregati fuerint in nomine meo, etc. But if two and three are gathered, will God not hear them? Then the disjunctive proposition is not rendered false. But when one is supposed for the other, then the disjunctive is false: for both are not affirmed, but one on the supposition that the other is denied, as is clear in a similar case and in the precepts: when the Jews were commanded to offer a pair of turtledoves or pigeons, they were commanded to offer pigeons on the supposition that they would not offer turtledoves, and turtledoves on the supposition that they would not offer pigeons, but they were not commanded both. You ask whether this is complex: si sol oritur, dies est; and this, homo currit, est propositio. They are not. For the former is hypothetical, not composed of two propositions; the second has the first part as its subject. But they are commonly called complex because they are composed of two utterances; see Soto and Toledo above against Fonseca, book 3.