Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
§ 1
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Sectio III. On Speech.
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Disputatio IV. On the Proposition.
Sectio I. I Define the Proposition.
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Sectio II. On the Matter, Quality, and Quantity of the Proposition.
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Sectio III. Categorical, Hypothetical, Complex, and Incomplex Propositions.
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Some are annoyed at this opinion and reproach it as new and never heard by the Summulists: but besides Cardinal Toledo, Soto, a celebrated Summulist, vindicates it from this injury by the text of book 1 of the Summulae, in ch. 16 of Peter of Spain, lecture 3, note 1, where for the truth of conditional promises he does not require that the antecedent necessarily stand with the consequent, but only requires that the consequent be with the antecedent, in which they agree with illatives; they differ however because in illatives the antecedent cannot be without the consequent; let us hear Soto ascribing truth even to those propositions, and evident knowledge of them to God, and asserting that they are not illative. For these authors will recognize this teaching as their own, and as once handed down by the Salamancan Doctor, when there was no contest about the efficacy of grace: behold Soto's words, For the truth of this, if you have won in the disputation, I will give you a book: it is required that you not win in the disputation without my giving you the book; whence it is not required that the antecedent and the consequent be at some time true, and in this a promissive agrees with an illative; nor is it required that it be a good consequence, namely that the antecedent cannot be true without the consequent, and in this it differs from an illative; but only that the antecedent will not be true without the consequent: and so it is not required that the opposite of the consequent be repugnant to the antecedent, or constitute an impossible copulative, but that it constitute a copulative which will never be true, in which the difference between a promissive and an illative is made manifest. From this it follows first that a promissive conditional is contingent, for example, if you have won in the disputation, and I have not not given you the book, the said conditional is false; but if I then give it, it is true; it follows secondly that many conditional promises are such that we cannot be certain of their truth, but God alone knows whether they are true or false? and so on. These are Soto's words, which teaching, handed down word for word by Father Ludovico Molina and all the Doctors of our Society later than Soto, they hiss at and reject as supposititious, who inspect it in their Doctor at every moment.