Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Sectio III. On Speech.
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Disputatio IV. On the Proposition.
Sectio I. I Define the Proposition.
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Sectio II. On the Matter, Quality, and Quantity of the Proposition.
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Sectio III. Categorical, Hypothetical, Complex, and Incomplex Propositions.
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Other hypotheticals are in contingent matter, in which the condition or antecedent is required for the effect, as in some way its principle, but from which the effect does not follow necessarily, but contingently: e.g. si Petrus venerit, ei dabo centum: the gift of a hundred depends on Peter's arrival; but it does not follow necessarily from it. Here the hypothetical proposition is not illative but only enunciative, affirming the event. For (as Toledo rightly says, book 1, chapter 19) those propositions are true or false, necessary or contingent, which is clear in absolutes and causals, as Petrus venit, et dedi illi centum: quia Petrus venit, dedi illi centum, where the propositions are true and causal, yet not illative, because inference does not belong to the proposition from the concept of the hypothesis, for absolutes are also illative; but there is a diversity of matter: because in contingent matter the consequent does not follow necessarily from the antecedent, but it does follow necessarily in necessary matter, therefore necessary hypotheticals are illative, contingent ones otherwise. But for the truth of these it suffices that the matter be as is enunciated; yet it is not required that, once the antecedent is posited, the consequent cannot not be: for the antecedent can be together with the consequent and its contradiction, as si disputaveris, dabo tibi librum; once the disputation is posited, the book can be given and not given.