Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
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Sectio II. On the Verb.
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Therefore a verb is an utterance conjugated through tenses; so Nebrija, book 3, ch. 7, On the Questions of Verbs; the Royal Art, book 3; Augustine, vol. 1, book On Grammar, saying we call verbs those things which we run through with tenses and persons, as clamo, clamas. You will say that these things are defined after the manner of grammarians rather than dialectically. I answer that it is not proper to dialectic to investigate words or verbs, but to construct the arguments of the mind; but in order that this be done more conveniently, it needs a knowledge of the words which it substitutes for concepts, while the attributes and distinctions of words are claimed by the grammarian, by whose laws one must necessarily stand within his province. Some laugh at me because I have treated the verb so grammatically, as a superstitious worshipper of grammatical laws. If this is a crime, they are themselves most free from it, who seem not even to have heard the laws of grammar; and Augustine is to be seen with me, because in defining the verb and the noun he fled not to Aristotle but to the grammarians.