Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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Sectio VII. On Ampliation, Restriction, Alienation, and Diminution.
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Sectio VIII. On Appellation.
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Disputatio III. On Speech, Its Parts, and Division.
Sectio I. On the Noun.
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You object thirdly that there are some indeclinable names, as cacohetes; some grammarians quite incautiously admit names inflexible through cases; Antonius above, chapter 5, says that being declinable is the difference of a name from indeclinable words, but in chapter 4 he had said that the declinable parts of speech are four, name, pronoun, verb, and participle: and the indeclinable ones as many others, preposition, adverb, interjection, and conjunction, which doctrine is constant among grammarians; but now why are they so drowsy as to admit a name among the indeclinable parts? As if a philosopher, having laid down that man is a rational animal, should admit that some irrational thing is a man: therefore names are called indeclinable because all their oblique cases are like the direct, which is proved from neuter names of the fourth declension, which in the singular have complete cases, yet all end similarly, as veru, gelu, which if they lacked the plural would be called indeclinable, indeed by Blessed Augustine, to be quoted below, they are called indeclinable in the singular. Behold, what Augustine calls indeclinable because of the similarity of cases, the grammarians call declinable, and what these call indeclinable, Augustine declines through similar cases, as I now prove.