Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
§ 88
Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
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From this it follows that none in singular is necessary, because when it is removed, there can be another by which one runs: but if that power were in one alone, that one would be required in particular, as God is required for creating, because he alone has creative power, but in these no confusion is found, although by the word aliquis it seems to be signified, because by it we more frequently signify a confused mode of conceiving: observe these things, however, because from their confused knowledge many things are handed down less clearly. Likewise note that in a particular proposition signifying an act, the consequence holds in one singular with the others excluded, e.g. Some man runs, if Peter does not run, and there is no other but Paul, it follows well, therefore Paul runs, because there the thing is signified as exercised on the part of the thing, which is necessarily determinate: but in a particular proposition denoting a power, that exclusion of the others cannot be made, e.g. Some horse is required, one cannot say: Bucephalus is required, if the others are not required: because the power of running is found in the others as in Bucephalus, but the running is found in Paul alone, and the others can be excluded.