Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
§ 6
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§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
§ 13
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§ 20
Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
§ 21
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§ 26
Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
§ 27
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§ 33
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§ 35
Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
§ 37
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§ 43
Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
§ 44
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
§ 67
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
§ 69
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
§ 74
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
§ 88
Dices categorematicos significare
§ 90
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
§ 93
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§ 100
§ 101
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
§ 104
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§ 108
Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
§ 109
§ 110
§ 111
Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
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§ 7
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§ 10
Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
§ 11
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
§ 13
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Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
§ 21
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
§ 24
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§ 27
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
§ 33
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§ 37
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§ 39
But because the Summulists by disjunct and disjunctive descent signify those two modes of suppositing for an individual confusedly known, and for an individual signified indeterminately on the part of the object, that is, when in each individual there is found whatever is necessary for the truth of the proposition: so that it is not found in one alone, but in all, on account of which some one of them is required, yet not this one, so that without it it cannot be done, as some eye is required for seeing, yet the right eye is not required, so that one cannot see with the left also. Let us not depart from the common opinion, but let us admit those two descents, observing this one thing, that in this disjunct supposition no vague individual is signified, which on its own part is vague, but that there is signified a power of running in any horse whatever, not however in one alone, for it is also in several other horses, and because that power is in others, none in singular is necessary. But when it is said, some horse is required for running, it has this sense, one can run with any horse whatever, but none in particular is required, but any one is sufficient, it is just as if the power of running is in all and each.