Universa Philosophia

Note that descent preserves the signification of the universal proposition from which they are derived, otherwise the consequence will be inept, e.g. every man in particular runs, has the consequence, therefore Peter in particular runs, and John, and so on: similarly this proposition, aliquo equo curritur, does not have this descent, aliquo equo in particulari curritur: but it has this descent, therefore either Brunellus in particular is run, or Phoebus in particular is run, because in that universal proposition the running is signified as actually existing, which cannot be except in particular, and from a particular cause: but the word aliquis does not denote indetermination in the running itself, but confusion in the mode of conceiving, on account of which confusion the singular existing running is not well penetrated; which confusion is retained in the descent signified by the disjunctions vel, aut, and because the consequence is a note of inference, or of intellection deduced from the antecedent: therefore in the descent one does not stop in any singular, but all are run through under disjunction, because from the force of the antecedent and of the mode by which it is signified, the intellect cannot infer that Peter runs in particular, even though he runs in reality, because consequences do not so much stop in the things themselves as in the mode by which they are deduced from the antecedent cognition. But in this proposition, aliquis equus requiritur ad cursum, confusion is not signified on the part of the mode of conceiving, but indetermination is signified on the part of the object, because although I see all horses most clearly, and in that mode of conceiving there is no confusion, I can say, some one is required, because it makes this sense, without a horse one cannot run, yet one can without this one and without that one: whence no necessity of any one in particular is signified; so that here one is necessary to such a degree that without it one cannot run, for in the others there is the power to run. Behold in what way, with the signification of the universal proposition retained, one descends disjunctively, and disjunctly to all singulars, and in no way does the disjunct descent differ from the disjunctive, just as there is no difference between these descents, every man in particular runs, therefore Peter in particular, and so on. likewise, every man runs, therefore Peter runs.