Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
§ 6
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
§ 21
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§ 26
Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
§ 27
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§ 35
Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
§ 37
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§ 43
Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
§ 44
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
§ 67
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
§ 69
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
§ 74
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
§ 88
Dices categorematicos significare
§ 90
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
§ 93
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
§ 104
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§ 108
Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
§ 109
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§ 111
Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
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§ 10
Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
§ 11
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Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
§ 13
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§ 17
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§ 20
Sectio IV. Common and Singular Supposition.
§ 21
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Sectio V. Distributive, Copulate, Determinate, Natural, and Accidental Supposition.
§ 24
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§ 27
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Sectio VI. On Ascent and Descent.
§ 33
Ascent and descent are called by some argumentatio, by others consequentia, by others inductio. Ascent is a consequence from singulars sufficiently enumerated to the universal. That phrase, sufficiently enumerated, is put in place of the constantia of the old Summulists: for which the most constant is Soto, 2nd part of the introduction, chapter 3, lecture 1, notable 4. which Toletus and Villalpandus rightly omitted: But if the singulars are not enumerated sufficiently, the consequence will be inept, e.g. if someone were to say to the Master, all Scholastics have studied, and proved it because Peter studied, and likewise Paul, if he did not count Francis, the consequence is null, because he might not have studied. Hence the argument from induction in universal concepts is very weak, and not in the least formal: for all the singulars are impossible for man to enumerate. For if someone proves that every fire heats, because all fires in Spain heat, someone will say that there are some fires in Belgium which do not heat; for who would persuade the Ethiopian that there are white men? or the Indians that there are bearded men? It is necessary therefore to have recourse to some account which has the same force in each.