Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
§ 17
§ 18
§ 19
§ 20
Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
§ 21
§ 22
§ 23
§ 24
§ 25
§ 26
Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
§ 27
§ 28
§ 29
§ 30
§ 31
§ 32
§ 33
§ 34
§ 35
Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
§ 37
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§ 40
§ 41
§ 42
§ 43
Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
§ 44
§ 45
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§ 49
§ 50
§ 51
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
§ 67
§ 68
Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
§ 69
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§ 73
Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
§ 74
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§ 77
§ 78
§ 79
§ 80
§ 81
§ 82
§ 83
§ 84
§ 85
§ 86
§ 87
Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
§ 88
Dices categorematicos significare
§ 90
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§ 92
Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
§ 93
§ 94
§ 95
§ 96
§ 97
§ 98
§ 99
§ 100
§ 101
§ 102
§ 103
Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
§ 104
§ 105
§ 106
§ 107
§ 108
Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
§ 109
§ 110
§ 111
Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
Sectio II. Formal and Material Supposition.
§ 11
§ 12
Sectio III. Simple and Personal Supposition.
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
Therefore simple supposition is the substitution of a term to signify the thing as it underlies second intentions, and from them receives its denomination. Personal supposition, however, to signify the thing according to those things that are in it according to reality independently of second intentions. Thus it is gathered from Soto above, who expounds the common definition concerning the primary and secondary significate in this way. For the common definition says that simple supposition is that by which the term is put for the primary significate, but personal for the secondary. Soto says: For the primary insofar as it is known, but for the secondary when it is taken without such application. But "insofar as it is known" is equivalent to "insofar as it underlies a second intention." It is proved first: because to supposit for a term as it underlies second intentions, and as it is on the side of reality, are diverse suppositions most necessary for the logical institution of predicables and predicaments; therefore they ought to have been handed down by the dialecticians, but no other is handed down besides these, therefore. Secondly by induction through all predicables and subicibles. Thirdly, because (as I showed, §14) many suppositions of this kind cannot conveniently be distinguished except by this account. Fourthly from the etymology of the names: because personal supposition is taken from person, according to what is in it; but simple from the mode of tending toward objects, effecting nothing in them, but considering them precisely.