Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
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Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
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Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
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Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
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Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
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Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
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Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
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Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
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Sectio VIII. On Univocal, Equivocal, and Analogous Terms.
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Sectio IX. On Absolute and Connotative Terms.
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Sectio X. On Categorematic and Syncategorematic Terms.
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Dices categorematicos significare
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Sectio XI. Concrete, Abstract, Complex, and Incomplex; Copulative and Non-Copulative Terms.
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Sectio XII. On Negative and Non-Negative Terms: Contrary and Contradictory.
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Sectio XIII. On Terms of First and Second Intention: Pertinent and Impertinent.
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Disputatio II. On the Properties of Terms.
Sectio I. On Supposition.
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You say that mental acts are also supposited for things, therefore also vocal ones. I deny the antecedent, because things would do nothing in the intellect, and so the mental term does not do what the thing would do, nor is it placed in its place. For mental terms are the very cognitions which cognize things and objects: but objects ought not to cognize, but to be cognized, and so acts perform their office, and cognize and predicate: but objects perform theirs, they are cognized and terminate, and vocal terms are supposited to predicate in place of mental terms, whose objects they signify, or are. Likewise words are subrogated to make up a proposition and argumentation, but objects do not compose an argumentation, but we argue about them, whence objective argumentation is called [so], that is, the object of argumentation, which objects would do nothing in the mind, but acts are [there], because they do, that is, express and manifest the object, which we manifest to others through words, which for that reason do what the acts were going to do, and are subrogated in their place.