Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
§ 17
§ 18
§ 19
§ 20
Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
§ 21
§ 22
§ 23
§ 24
§ 25
§ 26
Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
§ 27
§ 28
§ 29
§ 30
§ 31
§ 32
§ 33
§ 34
§ 35
Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
§ 37
§ 38
§ 39
§ 40
§ 41
§ 42
§ 43
Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
§ 44
§ 45
§ 46
§ 47
§ 48
§ 49
§ 50
§ 51
You ask fifthly whether this word canis, as it is equivocal, is common and universal. I purposely said in §.45, in the definition of a common term, that it is proper to a logically universal word: because Logic considers universal things as predicable, but the Summulist considers terms signifying those predicable things. These being posited, I answer by a distinction: an equivocal word as equivocal is not universal nor common in the manner of Logic: because as equivocal it does not have one signification predicable of all things contained under it, but has several altogether diverse significates, and none predicable of another, which is contrary to logical universality. For canis signifies both the terrestrial animal and the star of heaven and the fish, not as they agree in the character of substance, as they are signified by this word corpus, nor as parts of one composite, as Pompelona signifies the Castle, the stations, the streets, and the squares as parts of one city, but it signifies them as altogether dissimilar.