Universa Philosophia

Observe first, that terms and propositions are formally and properly in the intellect alone, but are not found properly in voice and writing, but improperly, analogically, and by extrinsic denomination, for a proposition is a judgment affirming or denying something, or is a judgment signifying truly or falsely: but to affirm or to deny, to speak truly or falsely, if taken properly, are found in the mind alone, a sign of which is that these utterances, which now affirm, could by the mere will of men have been negative: for this sentence, Peter is a man, could have signified that Peter is not a man; if however two men agree in taking utterances in the contrary signification from that in which we commonly use them, the very same utterances signify affirmatively for them, but negatively for others; therefore utterances do not in themselves have to affirm rather than to deny, because affirmation could be taken from them as well as negation. therefore they are propositions by extrinsic denomination alone.