Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
Disputatio I. On the Terms of Propositions, and Their Union.
Aristoteles primo Physicorum
Sectio I. What Are Subject, Predicate, and Union?
§ 1
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
Sectio II. The Definition of Terms.
§ 5
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
§ 17
§ 18
§ 19
§ 20
Sectio III. On Vocal, Written, and Mental Terms.
§ 21
§ 22
§ 23
§ 24
§ 25
§ 26
Sectio IV. On Significant and Non-Significant Terms.
§ 27
§ 28
§ 29
§ 30
§ 31
§ 32
§ 33
§ 34
§ 35
Signum significativum ad placitum
Sectio V. Divisions of the Mental Term.
§ 37
§ 38
§ 39
§ 40
§ 41
§ 42
§ 43
Sectio VI. On Universal, Particular, Confused, and Determinate, Superior, and Inferior Terms.
§ 44
§ 45
§ 46
§ 47
§ 48
§ 49
§ 50
§ 51
§ 52
§ 53
§ 54
§ 55
§ 56
§ 57
§ 58
§ 59
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§ 61
§ 62
§ 63
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§ 66
Sectio VII. On Transcendent and Non-Transcendent Terms.
§ 67
Among universal terms the most universal is the transcendent term, which for that reason it is expedient to treat first. A transcendent term is one which ranges through all genera of things, or one which is imbibed in every real concept: that there are transcendent terms and concepts of this kind I shall show in disputation 9 of the Logic, section 4, and disputation 1 of the Metaphysics and throughout its whole course. For every difference of being is being, and one, etc. Transcendent terms are enclosed in this word Reubau: whose individual letters signify the individual transcendent terms, which are six. Res which signifies the fixed and firm essence of each thing. Ens which signifies the aptitude which things have to be. Unum signifying the unity of each thing, through which it is undivided in itself and is one and not several. Bonum signifying the perfection of each thing, on account of which it is worthy of love. Aliquid signifying the distinction of one thing from another, that is, aliud quid. Verum signifying the entity of a thing, as it grounds true cognition of itself. These are the transcendent terms: for they transcend, permeate, and penetrate all differences of real being, concerning which I discourse at length from disputation 1 of the Metaphysics. Therefore by this word Reubau six names are signified: Res, ens, unum, bonum, aliquid, verum.
§ 68
A transcendent term is in one way simply and absolutely transcendent, which penetrates all genera of things, as are the six explained: in another way it is transcendent in a certain respect, or in one genus, as substance transcends all genera of substances, yet not every genus of being, because accident is not substance: for a transcendent term, because it is superior, is predicated of all things which it transcends. Likewise accident transcends the nine categories, yet does not transcend substance, because substance is not accident. Likewise substance, spirit, infinite, and others transcend all the predicates of God. But these terms are not simply transcendent, but transcendent in a certain respect. A non-transcendent term is one which does not penetrate all concepts of being, neither simply as substance, nor in one genus as Peter.