Universa Philosophia
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1641)
First published 1624
Hurtado de Mendoza, Universa Philosophia (Lyon 1624): the Summulae and the Logica through Disputatio VII, with an original English translation. The rest of the work follows in later append batches.
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Summulae
Instruction for the Beginner on the Method of Argument
§ 1
§ 2
And first a scholastic disputation begins among three participants. The first undertakes to defend the conclusions; he is often called the Sustentans, for he is the first to withstand every attack and to uphold the propositions he carries written on paper. As soon as the audience has taken its seats, he rises with a modest expression and lowered eyes, and begins the question in these words: The question to be disputed today, most illustrious and noble Rector, most wise President, most learned Masters and Doctors, and assembly distinguished for learning and nobility, is whether. Then, sitting down, he briefly, clearly, and elegantly argues the question on both sides, resolves it in one or more conclusions, and proves them. He refrains from answering the arguments. When the proofs are finished, he says: The arguments proposed, however, will be answered in the course of the disputation. Whatever I have said and am about to say I submit to the judgment of the Roman Church, and also to yours. Rising slightly, he uncovers his head; then, sitting again, he covers it and attentively awaits an argument.