The Celestial Hierarchy

Dionysius the Areopagite

The Celestial Hierarchy

Dionysius the Areopagite

The Celestial Hierarchy (De caelesti hierarchia) is the principal angelological treatise of the Christian Neoplatonist writing under the name Dionysius the Areopagite, probably in the late fifth or early sixth century. It interprets biblical images of heavenly beings as a graded economy of purification, illumination, and perfection, famously arranging nine angelic orders in three triads. Through its Greek and Latin transmission, its vocabulary of hierarchy and participation became enormously influential in Byzantine and medieval Latin theology, including the angelology of Aquinas and later commentators. Schola presents the work in Latin and English.


CAPITULUM PRIMUM. Quomodo omnis divina illuminatio secundum bonitatem varie in praevisa proveniens manet simpla, et non hoc solum sed et unificat illuminata.

CAPITULUM II. Quam pulchre divina et caelestia etiam per dissimilia symbola manifestantur.

CAPITULUM III. Quid sit Ierarchia, et quae per Ierarchiam utilitas.

CAPITULUM IV. Quid significet angelorum cognominatio.

CAPITULUM V. Quare omnes caelestes essentiae communiter angeli dicuntur.

CAPITULUM VI. Quae prima caelestium essentiarum dispositio, quae media, quae ultima.

How many and what sort the orders of the supercelestial essences are, and how the hierarchies are perfected according to them, I say that only their own contemplative principle of perfection knows exactly. Furthermore, I say that even they themselves do not know their own powers and illuminations, and their own sacred and super-adorned ordering, except insofar as the Divinity, knowing its own mysteries well, has taught us through them whatever things it has taught us as proper to them.

It is impossible, therefore, for us to know the mysteries of the supercelestial minds and their most holy perfections, unless someone should say that we know those things which the Divinity has taught us through them, as through beings who know well what belongs to themselves.

Therefore we do not speak anything from our own motion. But whatever contemplations of the angels have been contemplated by the holy theologians, these we shall set forth, teaching them as far as we are able.

Theology has called all the heavenly essences by nine manifesting names. These our divine holy initiator divides into three threefold dispositions.

He says that the first is that which always exists around God, and which is handed down as being attentively and immediately united to Him before the others. For he says that the manifestation of the divine Scriptures hands down that the most holy Thrones, and the many-eyed and many-winged orders called in the Hebrew tongue Cherubim and Seraphim, are placed immediately around God, according to a nearness set above all others.

Therefore this threefold order, our common guide says, is one and equally ordered, and truly the first hierarchy. There is no other more deiform than it, nor any more immediately intent upon the first-working illuminations of the Divinity itself.

He says that the second hierarchy is completed from the Powers, Dominations, and Virtues.

And the last of the three heavenly hierarchies is the disposition of the Angels, Archangels, and Principalities.

CAPITULUM VII. De Seraphim et Cherubim et Thronis et de prima eorum Ierarchia.

CAPITULUM VIII. De Dominationibus et Virtutibus et Potestatibus, et de media earum Ierarchia.

CAPITULUM IX. De Principibus et Archangelis et Angelis et de ultimo eorum Ierarchia.

CAPITULUM X. Repetitio et congregatio angelicae ordinationis

CAPITULUM XI. Quare omnes caelestes essentiae communiter Virtutes caelestes vocentur

CAPITULUM XII. Quare secundum homines Ierarchae angeli vocentur.

CAPITULUM XIII. Quare a Seraphim dicatur purgatus fuisse propheta Isaias.

CAPITULUM XIV. Quid significet traditus angelicus numerus.

CAPITULUM XV. Quae sint formativae angelicarum virtutum imagines.

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