De natura et gratia libri III, cum Apologia contra Catharinum
Domingo de Soto (1494–1560)
De natura & gratia libri III, cum Apologia contra Catharinum
First published 1550
Domingo de Soto's De natura et gratia libri III, written for the debates at the Council of Trent, with the Apologia contra Catharinum and the Council's decrees on original sin and justification as printed with it, in Latin with an original English translation.
Liber I: On Nature and Grace, Book I
Praefatio I: Preface addressed to the holy Fathers of the Council of Trent
Capitulum I: Chapter 2. — On the names, nature, and grace
Capitulum II: Chapter 3. — On man conceived in pure nature
Capitulum III: Chapter 4. — What offices man in pure nature could perform
Capitulum IV: Chapter 5. — On the state of man in original justice
Capitulum V: Chapter 6. — What man in the state of integral nature could naturally accomplish of good works
Capitulum VI: Chapter 7. — On original sin, namely into whom it passed
Capitulum VII: Chapter 8. — On the cause and reason of original sin
Capitulum VIII: Chapter 9. — Whereby the account of original sin is concluded
Capitulum IX: Chapter 10. — Against the recent Pelagians on original sin
Capitulum X: Chapter 11. — Against the Lutherans on original sin
Capitulum XI: Chapter 12. — Whereby the arguments of the Lutherans are weighed
Capitulum XII: Chapter 13. — On the effects of original sin
Capitulum XIII: Chapter 14. — On the punishment of original sin
Capitulum XIV: Chapter 15. — On free will toward good
Capitulum XV: Chapter 16. — Whereby the arguments appearing to the contrary are answered
Capitulum XVI: Chapter 17. — On free will toward evil
Capitulum XVII: Chapter 18. — On dissolving the arguments of the adversaries
Capitulum XVIII: Chapter 19. — What man can do by free will while he is in sin
Capitulum XIX: Chapter 20. — Whether without the special help of grace man can in any part act well morally
Capitulum XX: Chapter 21. — In which the objections are answered
Capitulum XXI: Chapter 22. — On the love of God and the fulfilment of the commandments
Capitulum XXII: Chapter 23. — Whereby the adversaries are answered
Liber II: On Nature and Grace, Book II
Capitulum I: Chapter 1. — On the disposition for grace
Capitulum II: Chapter 2. — Whereby the objections of the adversaries are refuted
Capitulum III: Chapter 3. — On the special help of God
Capitulum IV: Chapter 4. — On merit of congruity
Capitulum V: Chapter 5. — Whereby the Lutherans' error on justification is set out
Capitulum VI: Chapter 6. — Whereby the terms of the controversy are set out
Capitulum VII: Chapter 7. — What faith without works confers
Capitulum VIII: Chapter 8. — On the cause of the effect of faith without works
Capitulum IX: Chapter 9. — On the causes of justification
Capitulum X: Chapter 10. — On the justification of an infant before the use of reason
Capitulum XI: Chapter 11. — On the justification of adults in general
Capitulum XII: Chapter 12. — On the justification of an adult from original sin alone
Capitulum XIII: Chapter 13. — On the justification of adults from actual sins
Capitulum XIV: Chapter 14. — On the difference between attrition and contrition
Capitulum XV: Chapter 15. — On the difference between baptism and the sacrament of penance
Capitulum XVI: Chapter 16. — Whether another act of charity than contrition suffices
Capitulum XVII: Chapter 17. — On the formal causes: how grace and the virtues are distinguished
Capitulum XVIII: Chapter 18. — On the same formal causes: how they justify
Capitulum XIX: Chapter 19. — On the formal causes of justification against the Lutherans
Capitulum XX: Chapter 20. — On the justice of Christ imputed to us
Capitulum XXI: Chapter 21. — On the interpretation of divine Scripture, in which places faith alone seems to be declared the cause of justification
Liber III: On Nature and Grace, Book III
Capitulum I: Chapter 1. — On the obligation of the just to observe the law
Capitulum II: Chapter 2. — On the exposition of the law
Capitulum III: Chapter 3. — On the fulfilment of the law in general
Capitulum IV: Chapter 4. — On the fulfilment of the law in particular
Capitulum V: Chapter 5. — For answering the adversaries
Capitulum VI: Chapter 6. — On satisfaction
Capitulum VII: Chapter 7. — On the merit of works that proceed from grace
Capitulum VIII: Chapter 8. — On merit against the Lutherans
Capitulum IX: Chapter 9. — Whereby the adversaries' arguments are answered
Capitulum X: Chapter 10. — On the certainty of faith against the Lutherans
Capitulum XI: Chapter 11. — Whereby the same certainty of grace is disputed with certain Catholics
Capitulum XII: Chapter 12. — Whereby the same truth is corroborated by the testimonies of Scripture and the saints
Capitulum XIII: Chapter 13. — Whereby the objections of the opposing party are answered
Apologia I: Apology against the Reverend Bishop Catharinus
Capitulum I: Chapter 2. — Whereby the state of the case and the controversy is established
Capitulum II: Chapter 3. — Whereby the true opinion is confirmed
Capitulum III: Chapter 4. — Whereby the first treatise of the Reverend Catharinus is answered
Capitulum IV: Chapter 5. — Whereby the second treatise is answered
Decretum I: Decree on Original Sin
Canones I: Canons on Original Sin
Decretum II: Decree on Justification
Capitulum I: Chapter 1. — On the weakness of nature and of the law for justifying men
Capitulum II: Chapter 2. — On the dispensation and mystery of the coming of Christ
Capitulum III: Chapter 3. — Those who are justified through Christ
Capitulum IV: Chapter 4. — The description of the justification of the impious and of its movement in the state of grace is set out
Capitulum V: Chapter 5. — On the necessity of preparation for justification in adults, and whence it comes
Capitulum VI: Chapter 6. — The manner of preparation
Capitulum VII: Chapter 7. — What the justification of the impious is, and what its causes are
Capitulum VIII: Chapter 8. — How it is understood that the impious is justified by faith and gratis
Capitulum IX: Chapter 9. — Against the empty confidence of the heretics
Capitulum X: Chapter 10. — On the received increase of justification
Capitulum XI: Chapter 11. — On the observance of God's commandments, and its necessity and possibility
But let no one, however justified, think himself free from the observance of the commandments. Let no one use that rash expression, forbidden by the Fathers under anathema, that the commandments of God are impossible for a justified man to observe. For God does not command what is impossible, but by commanding he warns us both to do what you can and to ask for what you cannot, and he helps you so that you can, whose commandments are not burdensome, whose yoke is sweet and whose burden is light. For those who are sons of God love Christ; but those who love him (as he himself testifies) keep his words. This indeed, with divine help, they can accomplish. For although in this mortal life, however holy and just they are, they sometimes fall into light and daily sins, which are also called venial, they do not therefore cease to be just. For that voice of the just is both humble and true: Forgive us our debts. Whence it comes about that the just themselves ought to feel themselves the more bound to walk in the way of justice, the more, now freed from sin and made servants of God, living soberly, justly and piously, they can perfect it through Christ Jesus, through whom they have obtained access to this grace. For God does not abandon those once justified by his grace, unless he is first abandoned by them. And so no one ought to flatter himself in faith alone, thinking that by faith alone he has been made an heir and will obtain the inheritance, even if he does not suffer with Christ so as also to be glorified with him. For Christ himself also (as the Apostle says), although he was the Son of God, learned obedience from the things he suffered; and being made perfect, he became the cause of eternal salvation to all who obey him. Therefore the Apostle himself warns the justified, saying: Do you not know that those who run in the stadium all indeed run, but one receives the prize? So run that you may obtain it. I therefore so run, not as if into uncertainty; I so fight, not as if beating the air; but I chastise my body and bring it into subjection, lest perhaps, when I have preached to others, I myself should be rejected. Likewise the prince of the Apostles Peter: Be zealous to make your calling and election certain through good works. For by doing these you will never sin. Hence it is clear that those who say that the just man sins at least venially in every good work, or (what is more intolerable) that he deserves eternal punishments, are opposed to the doctrine of the orthodox religion. And so too are those who hold that the just sin in all their works, if in those works, by stirring up their own sloth and exhorting themselves to run in the stadium, they also look to an eternal reward, so that God may be glorified above all—since it is written, I have inclined my heart to do your justifications for the sake of recompense, and the Apostle says of Moses that he was looking to the reward.