Commentaria in Summam contra Gentiles, Liber I
Francesco Silvestri (1474–1528)
Commentaria in Summam contra Gentiles
First published 1918
In Book I of the Commentaria in Summam contra Gentiles, Francesco Silvestri of Ferrara (Ferrariensis) expounds Aquinas's treatment of God and the divine attributes. His commentary proceeds through the arguments of the Summa contra Gentiles chapter by chapter. The present edition follows the commentary printed with the Leonine text in volume XIII (1918) and includes Latin, English, and Spanish texts.
Caput I: Quod sit officium sapientis
Caput II: Quae sit in hoc opere auctoris intentio
Caput III: Quis modus sit possibilis divinae veritatis manifestandae
Caput IV: Quod veritas divinorum ad quam naturalis ratio pertingit convenienter hominibus credenda proponitur
Caput V: Quod ea quae ratione investigari non possunt convenienter fide tenenda hominibus proponuntur
Caput VI: Quod assentire his quae sunt fidei non est levitatis quamvis supra rationem sint
Caput VII: Quod veritati fidei Christianae non contrariatur veritas rationis
Caput VIII: Qualiter se habeat humana ratio ad veritatem fidei
Caput IX: De ordine et modo procedendi in hoc opere
Caput X: De opinione dicentium quod Deum esse demonstrari non potest cum sit per se notum
Caput XI: Reprobatio praemissae opinionis et solutio rationum praemissarum
Caput XII: De opinione dicentium quod Deum esse demonstrari non potest sed sola fide tenetur
Caput XIII: Rationes ad probandum Deum esse
Caput XIV: Quod ad cognitionem Dei oportet uti via remotionis
Caput XV: Quod Deus sit aeternus
Caput XVI: Quod in Deo non est potentia passiva
Caput XVII: Quod in Deo non est materia
Caput XVIII: Quod in Deo nulla est compositio
Caput XIX: Quod in Deo nihil est violentum neque praeter naturam
Caput XX: Quod Deus non est corpus
Caput XXI: Quod Deus est sua essentia
Caput XXII: Quod in Deo idem est esse et essentia
Caput XXIII: Quod in Deo non est accidens
Caput XXIV: Quod divinum esse non potest designari per additionem alicuius differentiae substantialis
Caput XXV: Quod Deus non est in aliquo genere
Caput XXVI: Quod Deus non est esse formale omnium
Caput XXVII: Quod Deus non sit forma alicuius corporis
Caput XXVIII: De perfectione divina
Caput XXIX: De similitudine creaturarum
Caput XXX: Quae nomina de Deo possint praedicari
Caput XXXI: Quod divina perfectio et pluralitas nominum divinorum divinae simplicitati non repugnant
Caput XXXII: Quod nihil de Deo et rebus aliis univoce praedicatur
Caput XXXIII: Quod non omnia nomina dicuntur de Deo et creaturis pure aequivoce
Caput XXXIV: Quod ea quae dicuntur de Deo et creaturis dicuntur analogice
Caput XXXV: Quod plura nomina dicta de Deo non sunt synonyma
Caput XXXVI: Qualiter intellectus noster de Deo propositionem formet
Caput XXXVII: Quod Deus est bonus
Caput XXXVIII: Quod Deus est ipsa bonitas
Caput XXXIX: Quod in Deo non potest esse malum
Caput XL: Quod Deus est omnis boni bonum
Caput XLI: Quod Deus sit summum bonum
Caput XLII: Quod Deus est unus
Caput XLIII: Quod Deus est infinitus
Caput XLIV: Quod Deus est intelligens
Caput XLV: Quod intelligere Dei est sua essentia
Caput XLVI: Quod Deus per nihil aliud intelligit quam per suam essentiam
Caput XLVII: Quod Deus intelligit perfecte seipsum
Caput XLVIII: Quod Deus primo et per se solum seipsum cognoscit
Caput XLIX: Quod Deus cognoscit alia a se
Caput L: Quod Deus habet propriam cognitionem de omnibus rebus
Caput LI: Rationes ad inquirendum qualiter multitudo intellectorum sit in intellectu divino
Caput LII: Solutio praemissae dubitationis
Caput LIII: Qualiter divina essentia una et simplex sit propria similitudo omnium intelligibilium
Caput LIV: Quod Deus omnia simul intelligit
Caput LV: Quod cognitio Dei non est habitualis
Caput LVI: Quod cognitio Dei non est discursiva
Caput LVII: Quod Deus non intelligit componendo et dividendo
Caput LVIII: Quod a Deo non excluditur veritas enuntiabilium
Caput LIX: Quod Deus est veritas
Caput LX: Quod Deus est purissima veritas
Caput LXI: Quod divina veritas est prima et summa veritas
Caput LXII: Rationes volentium subtrahere Deo cognitionem singularium
After Saint Thomas had determined the question of divine knowledge with respect to its object in general, he now proceeds to God's knowledge of particulars1. In this matter he does three things: first, he brings forward the arguments of those wishing to prove that God does not know singular things; second, he sets out the order of his reply2; third, he treats the matter of each argument individually3.
As to the first point, in this chapter he brings forward seven arguments.
For it is argued first as follows. Our intellect, because it is immaterial, does not know material singulars. Therefore much less does the divine intellect, which recedes most from matter4.
Second. Singulars do not always exist. Therefore either they are always known by God, or they are known at one time and not known at another. Not the first: for there can be no knowledge of what does not exist. Nor the second either: for the knowledge of the divine intellect is altogether unchangeable. Therefore, and so on.5
Third. There can be no certain knowledge of future contingents, since the opposite of what is held by knowledge can come to pass. But God's knowledge is certain and infallible. Therefore it cannot be about them6.
Fourth. The motions of the will cannot be known with certainty by anyone except the one willing. Therefore it is impossible for God to have certain knowledge of singulars that take their cause from the will7.
Fifth. Singulars are infinite, at least in potency. Therefore it is impossible for God to know them: because the infinite, as such, is unknown8.
Sixth. The divine intellect is the most noble. Therefore it does not know certain singulars, which are the most lowly. The consequence is evident, because the lowliness of the knowable seems to redound into the lowliness of the knowledge9.
Seventh. Evil cannot be in God. Therefore God does not have knowledge of singulars, in which evil and privation are found. The consequence is proved: because the known is in some way in the knower10.