Apologeticae sive Theologiae Fundamentalis, Tomus II (Pars Altera): Demonstratio Catholica
Hilarin Felder (1867–1951)
Apologeticae sive Theologiae Fundamentalis
First published 1920
Tomus II—Demonstratio Catholica—completes Hilarin Felder's Apologeticae sive Theologiae Fundamentalis by treating the Catholic Church as the historical bearer and interpreter of revelation. Published at Paderborn in 1920 (with the second-edition setting issued in 1923), it develops the marks, continuity, authority, and universality of the Church through biblical, historical, patristic, and scholastic argument. Read with Tomus I, it documents the structure of early twentieth-century Catholic fundamental theology and the apologetic priorities of the period. Schola presents the 1920 Latin edition with an English translation.
Prooemium
§ I: De ecclesia ut societate christifidelium
Dissertatio I: De institutione ecclesiae
Caput I: De facto ecclesiae a Christo institutae
Articulus I: Realitas ecclesiae a Christo institutae
Subarticulus I: Testimonium Christi ipsius
Subarticulus II: Testimonium apostolorum Christi
Subarticulus III: Testimonium antiquitatis christianae
Articulus II: Unicitas ecclesiae a Christo institutae
Subarticulus I: Testimonium Christi ipsius
Subarticulus II: Testimonium apostolorum Christi
Subarticulus III: Testimonium antiquitatis christianae
Caput II: De fine ecclesiae a Christo institutae
Articulus I: Finis proximus ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Testimonium Christi
Subarticulus II: Testimonium apostolorum
Subarticulus III: Testimonium antiquitatis christianae
Articulus II: Finis remotus ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Sententia explicatur
Subarticulus II: Sententia probatur
Caput III: De indole ecclesiae a Christo institutae
Articulus I: De indole indefectibili ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: De exsistentia indefectibili ecclesiae
Subarticulus II: De essentia indefectibili ecclesiae
Articulus II: De indole visibili ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Argumentatio directa
Subarticulus II: Argumentatio indirecta
Articulus III: De indole supernaturali ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Thesis principalis
Subarticulus II: Consectaria specialia
Corollaria apologetico-dogmatica
Subarticulus I: De corpore et anima ecclesiae
Subarticulus II: De membris ecclesiae
Dissertatio II: De constitutione ecclesiae
Caput I: De constitutione ecclesiae hierarchica
Articulus I: De hierarchia ecclesiae generatim
Subarticulus I: Testimonia evangelica
Subarticulus II: Testimonia apostolica
Subarticulus III: Testimonia patristica
Articulus II: De episcopatu singillatim
Subarticulus I: Documenta saeculi primi
Subarticulus II: Documenta saeculi secundi
Caput II: De constitutione ecclesiae monarchica
Articulus I: De primatu Petri apostoli
Subarticulus I: Primatus petrinus in s. Scriptura praeclare promittitur
Subarticulus II: Primatus petrinus in s. Scriptura sollemniter confertur
Subarticulus III: Primatus petrinus in s. Scriptura luculenter illustratur
Subarticulus IV: Primatus petrinus in s. Scriptura perenniter stabilitur
Articulus II: De primatu romani pontificis
Subarticulus I: Petrus romano pontifici primatum reliquit
Subarticulus II: Romani pontifices primatum sibi semper attribuerunt
Subarticulus III: Patres primatum romani pontificis semper docuerunt
Subarticulus IV: Ecclesia tota primatum romani pontificis semper agnovit
Subarticulus V: Scholia de vi et ortu primatus romani
Dissertatio III: De inventione ecclesiae
Caput I: De explicatione notarum
Articulus I: Unitas ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Unitas confessionis symbolicae
Subarticulus II: Unitas communionis socialis
Articulus II: Sanctitas ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Sanctitas simpliciter accepta
Subarticulus II: Sanctitas emphatice accepta
Articulus III: Catholicitas ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Catholicitas ecclesiae determinatur
Subarticulus II: Catholicitas ecclesiae demonstratur
Articulus IV: Apostolicitas ecclesiae
Subarticulus I: Apostolicitas originis
Subarticulus II: Apostolicitas successionis
Caput II: De applicatione notarum
Articulus I: Ecclesia una
Subarticulus I: Ecclesia romana una est
Subarticulus II: Coetus antiromani non sunt uni
Articulus II: Ecclesia sancta
Subarticulus I: Ecclesia romana sancta est
Subarticulus II: Coetus antiromani non sunt sancti
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The Greeks, having abandoned the Catholic Church, have indeed for the most part preserved the sanctifying doctrine and the means of sanctity. Yet the Orthodox Church itself neither incites nor obliges its priests and monks, much less the laity, to true interior sanctity. It has likewise deformed the helps of sanctity, especially worship and the sacraments, into a dead ritualism lacking all effective authority.1 Whence, although among the Orthodox many members are found who stand out by a certain more distinguished uprightness and piety, yet a religious decay has invaded the greater part of the people. The clergy and the cloisters, however, flourish with almost no zeal for the holy life; rather, they for the most part teem with drunkenness, idleness, ignorance, and other vices.2 A fortiori the Orthodox are wholly wanting in that eminent sanctity which is necessarily and exclusively proper to the Church of Christ. The Eastern regions, once the nurseries of all sanctity, after the schism once arisen produced no further saint who shone with heroic virtue and at whose intercession God worked miracles.3 The saints who are venerated by the Orthodox were either sons of the Catholic mother Church or are painted with the legendary varnish of sanctity and charisms. Much less:
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The Protestants enjoy the mark of sanctity. For Protestantism professes doctrines directly opposed to sound morality, e.g. that faith alone justifies and that the virtues are by no means required;4 that good works are useless and to be despised;5 nay, that all the actions of man, however holy, are sins;6 that God, taking absolutely no account of the lives of men, predestined some to beatitude, others to damnation;7 that man is deprived of free will.8
With the whole foundation of morality thus rooted out, the Reformers and their followers removed also very many of the means of sanctity. They abhor the sacrifice of the Mass; they neglect all the sacraments except baptism,9 nay, very many do not even retain baptism; they despise the evangelical counsels, etc. Whence even the fruits of sanctity among the members of the Protestant communities miserably withered. With history as witness and by the concession of the Reformers themselves, we know that the "pure" gospel soon became a hotbed of all vices and produced the worst effects everywhere.10 Indeed, very many Protestants have striven and strive after supernatural virtue and especially after a certain natural honesty and humanity; Protestantism, however, set over against the Christian life in itself that "modern" life intent only upon cares and worldly things.11
Whatever you may in the end say of the morals of the Protestants, certainly among them you will find no example of heroic sanctity confirmed by miracles. Nay rather, they mock the saints and the invocation of the saints, and affirm that miracles cannot even come to pass.12
Nay, not even the fathers of the pseudo-reformation themselves flourished in sanctity. Luther was notable for voluptuousness, gluttony, pride, wrath, and other vices; Zwingli was lustful, fraudulent, mendacious, and haughty; Calvin was a man of immense pride, slanderous arrogance, and savage cruelty; Henry VIII was a tyrant as libidinous as he was atrocious.13 Wherefore not only later and recent Protestantism lacks sanctity, but already at its beginning it was destitute of the sanctity of its authors and origins.